This ESCAP publication reports on an Expert Group Meeting examining social and psychological aspects of fertility behaviour across Asia and the Pacific. It emphasizes that fertility decisions are shaped by complex interactions between cultural, social, economic and individual psychological factors, and highlights persistent gaps between family planning attitudes and actual practices. The report reviews research findings, identifies determinants such as values of children, gender preference, communication between spouses, and modernization processes, and stresses the importance of programmatic and policy-oriented research. It also evaluates methodological approaches and calls for more cross-cultural, longitudinal, and theory-driven studies to better inform population policies. Finally, it provides detailed recommendations to strengthen research capacity, improve family planning programmes, and enhance coordination between researchers and policymakers in the region.