Gender dimensions of population and development in South-East Asia

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dc.coverage.spatialSOUTHEAST ASIA
dc.coverage.spatialPHILIPPINES
dc.coverage.spatialMALAYSIA
dc.coverage.spatialINDONESIA
dc.coverage.spatialSINGAPORE
dc.coverage.spatialTHAILAND
dc.creatorUN.ESCAP
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-14T00:48:39Z
dc.date.available2025-10-14T00:48:39Z
dc.date.escap1999
dc.date.issued1999
dc.descriptionSince the 1970s, all five countries have seen sharp fertility declines, later marriage ages (about 24–26), more female-headed households, lower mortality, and longer life expectancy—especially for women. Expanding education and employment, including near-universal primary schooling, has strengthened women’s agency and raised female labor-force participation, notably in industry and services. Yet traditional roles persist, many women shoulder a double burden of paid work and unpaid care, and occupational segregation, earnings gaps, and limited access to power remain; migrant women from Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand face particular vulnerabilities. The 1997 Asian financial crisis is expected to hit women hardest, increasing the risk of job loss. In response, the seminar called to eliminate inequalities, protect health and education budgets, improve gender-disaggregated data and monitoring, and engage men as shared partners in family life and population programs.
dc.description.abstractThis study examines the gender dimensions of population and development, focusing on the current role of women in development and the issues and concerns warranting future action to improve their situation. The report draws on the basic principle adopted at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, which stated that advancing gender equality and equity and the empowerment of women are cornerstones of population and development-related programmes. The study focuses on five countries in South-East Asia—Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand—which have demonstrated rapid economic growth and structural transformation. The analysis draws upon demographic measures estimated from censuses and demographic surveys concerning indicators such as literacy, educational attainment, headship, employment, and migration.
dc.description.tableofcontentsPreface — iii I. Gender Dimensions of Population and Development — 1 A. Demographic perspective — 2 B. Social and economic conditions — 5 C. Prospects for women’s development — 8 D. Policy recommendations — 9 References — 11 II. Women in Development: Demographic Perspectives in Indonesia — 12 Mayling Oey-Gardiner, Djoko Hartono, and Soewartojo A. Social context — 12 B. Profile of Indonesian women — 13 C. Conclusion — 36 References — 37 III. Women in Development in Malaysia — 41 Jamilah Ariffin A. Socio-economic background — 41 B. Basic demographic features — 42 C. Educational attainment — 45 D. Labour force participation — 46 E. Migration — 52 F. Economic and cultural issues — 56 G. Conclusion — 60 References — 61 IV. Women in Development: Current Situation and Emerging Policy Concerns in the Philippines — 63 Aurora E. Perez A. Women’s social position in society — 64 B. Gender relations and women’s reproductive role — 65 C. Gender relations and women’s productive role — 71 D. Women in public life — 76 E. Critique of selected legislation on women — 78 F. Emerging policy issues and suggestions — 80 G. Conclusion — 81 References — 81 V. Women in Development in Singapore — 84 Stella Quah A. Relevant background features — 90 B. The main contradictory signals — 100 C. Struggling for coherence — 108 D. The future: more of the same? — 110 References — 114 VI. Women in Development in Thailand — 114 Bhassorn Limanonda A. Importance of women in development: International concerns — 115 B. Demographic, socio-economic and cultural profile of Thai women — 126 C. Women in politics — 126 D. National commitment and responses to international concerns on women in development — 128 E. Problems and future prospects for women’s development — 131 F. Concluding remarks — 132 References — 132
dc.format.extentx, 134 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12870/8511
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherUN.ESCAP
dc.relation.ispartofseriesAsian Population Studies Series
dc.relation.ispartofseriesnoNo. 150
dc.subjectSocio-economic development
dc.subjectData and Monitoring
dc.subject.unbistPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
dc.subject.unbistINTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POLICY
dc.subject.unbistURBAN PLANNING
dc.subject.unbistWOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject.unbistWOMEN WORKERS
dc.subject.unbistRURAL WOMEN
dc.subject.unbistWOMEN MIGRANT WORKERS
dc.subject.unbistFERTILITY RATE
dc.subject.unbistWOMEN IN POLITICS
dc.subject.unbistMIGRATION
dc.subject.unbistDIVORCE STATISTICS
dc.subject.unbistMARRIAGE STATISTICS
dc.subject.unbistCONTRACEPTIVE USAGE
dc.subject.unbistMATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subject.unbistFAMILY PLANNING
dc.subject.unbistREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
dc.subject.unbistGENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
dc.subject.unbistHUMAN RIGHTS
dc.subject.unbistEMPOWERMENT
dc.subject.unbistEQUITY
dc.subject.unbistEDUCATION
dc.titleGender dimensions of population and development in South-East Asia
dc.typeText
escap.bibLevelMonograph
escap.contactEmailescap-sdd@un.org
escap.contactPhone+66 2 288-1234
escap.contactUnitSocial Development Division
escap.doctypeReport
escap.eventDate1 - 4 September 1998
escap.eventLocationBangkok, Thailand
escap.eventNamePolicy Seminar on Gender Dimensions of Population and Development in South-East Asia
escap.eventTypeSeminar
escap.ispartofseriesnoAsian Population Studies Series/ No. 150
escap.libBibNumber36621
escap.libCallnumberA X(5-012):312 Uni No.150
escap.programmeOfWorkSocial Development
escap.publisherPlaceBangkok, Thailand
escap.subregionSouth-East Asia
escap.unDocSymbolST/ESCAP/1950
escap.unSDG1. No Poverty
escap.unSDG3. Good Health and Well-Being
escap.unSDG4. Quality Education
escap.unSDG5. Gender Equality
escap.unSDG8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
escap.unSDG9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
escap.unSDG10. Reduced Inequalities
escap.unSDG17. Partnerships for the Goals
escap.unSalesNumberE.99. II. F.20
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