Infrastructure is critical to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. It is represented in Goal 9 along with industrialization and innovation, but also implicit in many other Goals including food security, health, decent jobs and cities and human settlements. Among infrastructure sectors, progress on Goal 7 on clean energy would be critical for limiting global warming to well below two degrees Celsius. ESCAP’s Economic and Social Survey 2019 estimates that developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region would have to invest an additional $196 billion per year in transport, ICT and water and sanitation infrastructure, and new investments of $434 billion to achieve Goal 7 on affordable and clean energy for all.